Lucy (AL 288) Australopithecus Skeleton from Ethiopia

Lucy is the name of the nearly complete skeleton of an Australopithecus afarensis. She was the first nearly complete skeleton recovered for the species, found in 1974 at the Afar Locality (AL) 228, a site in the Hadar archaeological region on the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia. Lucy is about 3.18 million years old and is called Denkenesh in Amharic, the language of the local people. Lucy is not the only early example of A. afarensis found at Hadar: many more A. afarensis hominids were found at the site and the nearby AL-333. To date, over 400 A. afarensis skeletons or partial skeletons have been found in the Hadar region from about a half-dozen sites. Two hundred sixteen of them were found at AL 333; together with Al-288 are referred to as the First Family, and they all date between 3.7 and 3.0 million years ago. What Scientists Have Learned About Lucy and Her Family The numbers of available specimens of A. afarensis from Hadar (including over 30 crania) have allowed continuing scholarship in several regions concerning Lucy and her family. These issues have included terrestrial bipedal locomotion; the expression of sexual dimorphism and how body size shapes human behavior; and the paleoenvironment in which A. afarensis lived and thrived. Lucys post-cranium skeleton expresses multiple features related to habitual striding bipedalism, including elements of Lucys spine, legs, knees, feet, and pelvis. Recent research has shown that she didnt move in ​the  same way as humans do, nor was she simply a terrestrial being. ​A. afarensis may well have still been adapted to live and work in trees at least part-time. Some recent research (see Chene et al) also suggests the shape of the females pelves was closer to modern humans and less similar to the great apes.d less similar to the great apes. A. afarensis lived in the same region for over 700,000 years, and during that time, the climate changed several times, from arid to moist, from open spaces to closed forests and back again. Yet, A. afarensis persisted, adapting to those changes without requiring major physical changes. Sexual Dimorphism Debate Significant sexual dimorphism; that female animal bodies and teeth are significantly smaller than males--is typically found in species which have intense male to male competition. A. afarensis possesses a degree of postcranial skeletal size dimorphism matched or exceeded only by the great apes, including orangutans and gorillas. However, A. afarensis teeth are not significantly different between males and females. Modern humans, by comparison, have low levels of male-male competition, and male and female teeth and body size are far more similar. The peculiarity of that is still debated: teeth size reduction may be the result of adapting to a different diet, rather than a signal of less male-to-male physical aggression. Lucys History The central Afar basin was first surveyed by Maurice Taieb in the 1960s; and in 1973, Taieb, Donald Johanson and Yves Coppens formed the International Afar Research Expedition to begin an extensive exploration of the region. Partial hominin fossils were discovered in Afar in 1973, and the nearly complete Lucy was discovered in 1974. AL 333 was discovered in 1975. Laetoli was discovered in the 1930s, and the famous footprints discovered in 1978. Various dating measures have been used on the Hadar fossils, including Potassium/Argon (K/AR) and geochemical analysis of the volcanic tuffs, and currently, scholars have tightened the range to between 3.7 and 3.0 million years ago. The species was defined, using Hadar and A. afarensis specimens from Laetoli in Tanzania, in 1978. Lucys Significance Lucy and her familys discovery and investigation remodeled physical anthropology, making it a much more rich and nuanced field than before, partly because the science changed, but also because for the first time, scientists had an adequate database to investigate all the issues around her. In addition, and this is a personal note, I think one of the most significant things about Lucy is that Donald Johanson and Edey Maitland wrote and published a popular science book about her. The book called Lucy, the Beginnings of Humankind made the scientific chase for the human ancestors accessible to the public.   Sources Chene G, Lamblin G, Lebail-Carval K, Chabert P, Marà ¨s P, Coppens Y, and Mellier G. 2015. The genital prolapse of Australopithecus Lucy? International Urogynecology Journal 26(7):975-980.Chene G, Tardieu AS, Trombert B, Amouzougan A, Lamblin G, Mellier G, and Coppens Y. 2014. A species’ Odyssey: evolution of obstetrical mechanics from Australopithecus Lucy to nowadays. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 181:316-320.DeSilva JM, and Throckmorton ZJ. 2011. Lucys Flat Feet: The Relationship between the Ankle and Rearfoot Arching in Early Hominins. PLoS ONE 5(12):e14432.Johanson DC. 2004. Lucy, Thirty Years Later: An expanded view of Australopithecus afarensis. Journal of Anthropological Research 60(4):465-486.Johanson DC, and White TD. 1979. A systematic assessment of early African hominids. Science 203(4378):321-330.Kimbel WH, and Delezene LK. 2009. â€Å"Lucy† redux: A review of research on Australopithecus afarensis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 140(S49):2-48.Meyer MR, Williams SA, Smith MP, and Sawyer GJ. 2015. Lucys back: Reassessment of fossils associated with the A.L. 288-1 vertebral column. Journal of Human Evolution 85:174-180.Nagano A, Umberger BR, Marzke MW, and Gerritsen KGM. 2005. Neuromusculoskeletal computer modeling and simulation of upright, straight-legged, bipedal locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis (A.L. 288-1). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 126(1):2-13.Sellers WI, Cain GM, Wang W, and Crompton RH. 2005. Stride lengths, speed and energy costs in walking of Australopithecus afarensis: using evolutionary robotics to predict locomotion of early human ancestors. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2(5):431-441.

The Is The Undisputed Leading Media And Marketing Company...

1. Critically analyze the situation given above. In fact, Meredith has become the undisputed leading media and marketing company focused on women. And the Meredith’s goal is to connected with all stages of women’s life to inaugurate families and empty nesters. Also Meredith doesn’t introduce itself as magazine publisher. Meredith is an establisher that attracted to, cable programming, the Internet and television.in addition the company was successful in social networking and its aim is to interact with women’s life in a meaningful way for long period time. Meredith knows its customer’s interest and the role of those interest in the customer’s life. more over the company is familiar with a continual strategic to manage the marketing information about the women and producing customer’s insights helps the company to perceive the women’s requirements better and build more powerful relationship with them. Meredith has a powerful and comprehensive database which has unrivaled depth, so 700 data points lets the company to recognize each customer on a sincere level. The company is included descriptive and demographic information, as well as some information regarding the magazines customers buy, to which magazines they subscribe, what kinds of incentive offers they like, and how they have responded to particular creative executions. Also they have marketing research and online survey .and they have put most of their attention to process their data and they are skillful in doingShow MoreRelatedMeredith: Thanks to Good Marketing Information, Meredith Knows Women1691 Words   |  7 PagesMeredith: Thanks to Good Marketing Information, Meredith Knows Women You may not recognize the name Meredith Corporation but you have certainly heard of the magazines it publishes. Better Homes and Gardens, Ladies’ Home Journal, and Family Circle are some of its oldest and best-known titles. 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Current marketing situation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 A. Market overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 i. Market demographics and needs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 ii. Market trends and target market growth†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 B. SWOT analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 i. Strengths †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreCarlsbergs Strategic Analysis15964 Words   |  64 Pagesquestions 6 2.3 Interpretation 7 2.4 Delimitation 7 2.5 Method 8 2.5.1 Theories and models used in the project 8 2.5.2 Data collection 9 2.5.3 Structure of report 10 2.5.4 Criticism of sources 10 3 Internal Analysis 11 3.1 Company Introduction 11 3.2 Carlsberg’s Vision and Objectives 11 3.3 Organizational Structure 12 3.3.1 New Organization structure 13 3.3.2 The Supervisory and the Executive Board 13 3.4 Value Chain 15 3.4.1 Primary activities 15 3.4.2Read MoreCarlsbergs Strategic Analysis15976 Words   |  64 Pages1 Sub questions 6 2.3 Interpretation 7 2.4 Delimitation 7 2.5 Method 8 2.5.1 Theories and models used in the project 8 2.5.2 Data collection 9 2.5.3 Structure of report 10 2.5.4 Criticism of sources 10 3 Internal Analysis 11 3.1 Company Introduction 11 3.2 Carlsberg’s Vision and Objectives 11 3.3 Organizational Structure 12 3.3.1 New Organization structure 13 3.3.2 The Supervisory and the Executive Board 13 3.4 Value Chain 15 3.4.1 Primary activities 15 3.4.2 SupportRead MoreMarketing and Yogurt Drink9066 Words   |  37 PagesExecutive Summary Manufactured by Nestle, Nestle bliss was first launch in Singapore in 2006. 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Journey to the Centre of the Earth Free Essays

Themes There are a few themes in the novel, Journey to the Centre of the Earth. The first theme is achieving one’s dream. Professor Lidenbrock shows that with determination, one can achieve one’s dream. We will write a custom essay sample on Journey to the Centre of the Earth or any similar topic only for you Order Now So when he got an opportunity to do so in making the  journey to the centre of the Earth, he seized it immediately. At the end of this novel, he successfully completed the journey. Second theme is facing challengers with perseverance and courage. Many times during the journey, the travelers faced challengers. For example, Axel wanted to turn back but the Professor and Hans persevered till Hans courageously explored the cave to look for a stream. Third theme is facing difficulties with optimism. Axel lost hope many times and wanted to give up. Fortunately, his uncle was full of optimism throughout the journey. For example, when they went through the chasm of fire, his uncle believed they were on their way back to the surface. He was right. His optimism kept them going till they completed the  journey. Moral Values In the novel, Journey to the Centre of the earth, the moral value I have learned is we should practice co-operation, obedience and loyalty when doing work as a group. Professor Otto Lidenbrock, Axel and Hans undertook the journey to the centre of the earth. They were unsure of  what they would see and the dangers they would face. To make sure they were safe, they worked together and looked after each other. Hans saved Axel when he almost fell into the pit from a tunnel. Hans made the effort to look for water to save them. He made the raft for them to sail across the sea. Axel did everything his uncle expected of him. There was co-operation, obedience and loyalty. Synopsis In the novel, Journey to the Centre of the earth, Professor Lidenbrock discovers a coded message in an ancient  manuscript about a way to get into the centre of the Earth through a mountain in Iceland. After decoding the message, Lidenbrock and Axel set off to Iceland to begin their journey to the centre of the Earth. They hire an Icelandic guide, Hans Bjelke to help them on their journey. When they enter the volcanic crater, they face several difficulties and see a lot of strange things, including prehistoric life. They build a raft and set sail on the ocean and reach a coastline. They are swept into a large vent filling with water and magma and are ejected onto the surface. When they regain consciousness, they find out that they are on the island of Stromboli in Italy. They return home to Germany. In Germany they are treated like heroes and Professor Lidenbrock’s achievements are recognized. Axel marries Gretchen, and Hans eventually returns to Iceland. Charaters Professor Otto Lidenbrock Professor Otto Lidenbrock is a middle aged eccentric dedicated scientist. He had an intense scientific curiosity. After reading the runic script, he was decided to make the journey to the centre of the Earth. Once he had decided to do it, he pursued it till it was accomplished. He was concerned for Axel through the journey. When Axel wanted to give up and turn back, hepersevered Axel to continue the journey. At the end of this novel, He succeeded in making the journey and returned to Hamburg a hero. Professor Otto Lidenbrock became a well-known scientist internationally acclaimed. Axel Lidenbrock Axel Lidenbrock was Professor Lidenbrock’s young nephew. He had a girlfriend by the name of Gretchen. At times, he was helpful to his uncle. It was him who found the secret to decode the message in the script. Later, he found the message on the back of the paper he was holding. Though he had misgivings about the journey his uncle wanted to embark, his loyalty to him made him go with his uncle. However, he could not endure the hardships of  discovery. Many time he wanted to give up and return home. Hans Bjelke Hans Bjelke was an Icelandic guide who was reliable and brave. He was a strong and reliable man, he spoke few words. He was good at his job as a guide. Being resourceful, he always had the things needed. When they had to climb down the cave, he had the ropes ready for them to do it. Through his help, Axel and his uncle succeeded in completing the journey. How to cite Journey to the Centre of the Earth, Essay examples

Business Planning Start-up Changes

Question: What was included in the business plans? What were the good and bad aspects? Which one section of the business plan do you think is most important? If you were in charge of business planning how would you improve these business plan? The learning are: Apply understanding of the inter-relationships of key business functions Critically evaluate the value to the firm of proposed investment projects Apply understanding of the impact of ICT skills in formulating a business plan Answer: What was included in the business plans? From years of working experience, it has been found that there are mainly three types of business plans used by various organizations. They are such as startup business plan (business plan of Amazon), standardize business plan (used by Samsung) and lean business plan (Xeroxs lean six sigma business model). There are various aspects included in these business plans. They are mentioned below: Startup business plan of Amazon According to Westwood (2013), the business plan that is used to initiate a business is known as startup business plan. Amazons startup business plan includes factors like startup states of the business, startup cost, and milestones. In addition, the legal expenses incurred from graphics, logo, website designing and fixing up the store is also included in it (Wentzensen and Wacholder 2013). It also includes the assets that are required for business. They are such as vehicles, inventory, office furniture and equipment (Nattrass and Altomare 2013). Samsungs Standardize business plan As Manyika et al. (2013) stated that, most of the standardize business plan starts with a summary. It includes different sections related with the company such as product or service it sells, target market, development of goals and milestones, management team and forecasting. As (Zikmund et al. 2013) mentioned that there are different tactics included in the standardize business plan of the company Samsung. They are such as management plan, product plan, financial projection and marketing plan. The financial projection includes three major essentials. They are like balance sheet, profit loss, and cash flow. Samsungs Standardize business plan also adds personal spending in every department. As Kwong et al. (2012) stated that, the key behind the success of Samsungs standardize business plan is the communication between different departments. The company has used ICT technology efficiently to improve communication between different departments. Xeroxs lean six-sigma business model It has been found that the company Xerox uses lean Six Sigma business plan in order to manage tactics, deadlines, strategy, cash flow, and activities. As Blank (2013) stated that, there four major elements are included in the lean Six Sigma business plan of the company Xerox. They are mentioned below: Development of strategy The target market for the organization is defined. In addition long-term business goals for the organization are developed along with the business offerings (Barrow et al. 2012). Development of tactics to execute those strategies As Mullins (2012) mentioned that, this plan includes different marketing decisions related to marketing, pricing, promotion, website, channels, social media, and advertising. All the product and service related tactics are also developed at this stage. They are such as launching dates, packaging, and development of new versions of products. Specification development It includes a list of task responsibilities, assumptions, milestones, the number of tracks and objective measurements (Mullins 2012). Significant numbers In this section, various essential numbers are included. They are such as spending budget, sales forecast for the company and cash flow. What were the good and bad aspects? There are some positive and negatives aspects of all these three business plans have been analyzed. They are discussed below in the table: Business plans Good aspects Bad aspects Startup business plan of Amazon Startup business plan of Amazon breaks out the steps and requirements to initiate a business. This type of plan is good for deciding whether a business is worth perusing or not (Zikmund et al. 2013). With the increase of business, necessary additions can be done in this business plan. This business plan is able to provide a preliminary analysis of the pricing, costs and the probable expenses of Amazon (Westwood 2013). Startup business plan of Amazon provides a preliminary idea about business expenses for websites, graphics, signage, product launch and service expenses. All these decisions are made on educated guesses. However, the business environment is changing every day. For this reason, the actual expenses can differ from the predicted expenses (Mullins 2012). It can reduce the efficiency of business operation for company Amazon. Samsungs Standardize business plan Samsungs Standardize business plan is able to meet all the business needs for prospective investors, partners and employees. The standard business plan has provides a projected cash flow for the company Samsung. Which always become beneficial for the company. As Blank (2013) stated that, a business could temporarily survive without benefit. However, it still needs cash to pay the bills. Since profit alone doesn't guarantee cash in bank, project cash flow is highly significant. Inadequate research work can decrease the effectiveness of a Standardize business plan. For example, Samsung needs to make ample research work on customer's purchasing behavior, competitor positioning, and overall market trends before developing a product (Manyika et al. 2013). From personal experience, it has been found that most of the business plans are developed based on assumptions. For this most of the other companies who standardized business model are not becoming successful (Samsung is exception). Xeroxs lean six-sigma business model It has already contributed hundreds of millions of Dollars in cost savings, cost and revenue of the company Xerox. Lean business plan is used to manage dates, tactics, business strategy, deadlines and cash flows for the company Xerox in an efficient manner. The company has generated $ 150 economic profit in the year of 2004 by using this model (Barrow et al. 2012). Blank (2013) stated that, this business plan is more efficient than standard business plan. This business plan helps to set deadline and milestones so that a project team can increase its speed to meet the organizational objectives. Lean business plan is more complicated in a structure in comparison to Standardize business plan (Manyika et al. 2013). Which one section of the business plan do you think is most important? From personal working experience; it has been found that maintaining inter-relationship of various business function is the most important part of all three business plans. It has been concluded that most of the businesses have five core business processes. They are such as business operations, product and service development marketing and sales functions, distribution and after sales services (Manyika et al. 2013). In addition, three support business processes characterize the firm. They are such as general management and firm infrastructure, human resource management and technology and process development. A business plan must try to develop effective interrelationship among different business functions. For example, business operation is the activity that that can transform inputs into final goods or services. A business plan should develop effective corporate governance strategies to support business operation of a company (Blank 2013). It includes finance, legal aspects, infrastructure, management and government relations. In order to improve product and service development, a company like Samsung needs to manage its budget effectively. With the help of a lean business plan, different tactics related to marketing, pricing, promotion, website, channels, social media, and advertising can be taken. All the product and service related tactics are also developed at this stage. They are such as launching dates, packaging, and development of new versions of products. In order to improve after sales service, a company must initiate some specific activities. It may include help-desk service, call center service, training, and customer support. All these aspects also need to be added in a business plan (Barrow et al. 2012). The most important aspect of a successful business is to develop effective communication between different departments and functions. A company like Xerox must use Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) programs to coordinate information in every section of the business. As Manyika et al. (2013) stated that, a company like Amazon needs to use common database and shared management tools to improve the flow of information. If you were in charge of business planning how would you improve these business plans? As the in charge of the business plan, certain strategies will be implemented to improve these business plans. For example, ICT (Information and Communication Technology) skills can be adopted to formulate a business plan. 1) ICT enables the possible use of different technologies such as spreadsheets, database, presentation software, SMS, and the Internet. As Goebel (2013) stated that, these technologies could help to develop effective communication between various departments of business. 2) It can help to develop strategies to select proper hardware and software to meet the business needs. 3) ICT can help to use e-commerce technology in business. 4) Cloud storage technology can be used to keep record, store and retrieve private data from employees and employers There are some particular benefits that ICT technology can provide in business. They are mentioned below: Efficient information storage: With the help of ICT technology, huge quantity of data can be stored. Easy retrieval of information: Data can easily be manipulated and accessed with the help of ICT. As Hellang et al. (2013) stated that ICT is useful for business as it is able to provide specific information Efficiency of business operation: Use of computer can save the time of record keeping. In addition, essential information can easily be transferred from one department to another department of a company. Global reach: Using internet connection, a company can expand its market globally (Goebel 2013). User-friendly: ICT technology is highly user-friendly. It provides "prompts" or "what to do menus" from which a particular action can be selected (Christensen and Raynor 2013). Accessibility: As Goebel (2013) stated that, with the help of ICT technology data can be accessed from remote locations. Speed: Computers can perform complex calculations within seconds. It can improve the business operation of a company (Hellang et al. 2013). Cost effectiveness It has been a fund that the price of software and hardware id dropping significantly over years (Manyika et al. 2013). Hence, companies can take this opportunity and use ICT technology to improve their business. Reference list Barrow, C., Barrow, P. and Brown, R., 2012.The business plan workbook. Kogan Page Publishers. Blank, S., 2013. Why the lean start-up changes everything.Harvard business review,91(5), pp.63-72. Christensen, C. and Raynor, M., 2013.The innovator's solution: Creating and sustaining successful growth. Harvard Business Review Press. Goebel, C., 2013. On the business value of ICT-controlled plug-in electric vehicle charging in California.Energy Policy,53, pp.1-10. Hellang, O., Skiftenes Flak, L. and Pivrinta, T., 2013. Diverging approaches to benefits realization from public ICT investments: A study of benefits realization methods of ICT. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy,7(1), pp.93-108. Kwong, C.C., Thompson, P. and Cheung, C.W., 2012. The effectiveness of social business plan competitions in developing social and civic awareness and participation.Academy of Management Learning Education,11(3), pp.324-348. Manyika, J., Chui, M., Bughin, J., Dobbs, R., Bisson, P. and Marrs, A., 2013.Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy. San Francisco, CA: McKinsey Global Institute. Mullins, J., 2012.The new business road test: What entrepreneurs and executives should do before writing a business plan. Pearson UK. Nattrass, B. and Altomare, M., 2013.The natural step for business: Wealth, ecology the evolutionary corporation. New Society Publishers. Wentzensen, N. and Wacholder, S., 2013. From differences in means between cases and controls to risk stratification: a business plan for biomarker development.Business discovery,3(2), pp.148-157. Westwood, J., 2013.How to write a marketing plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013.Business research methods. Cengage Learning.